INTRODUCTION:

Amblyopia is a less common eye disease occurring in only 1 to 2% of the world population. This disorder maybe either be unilateral or bilateral. The main cause for amblyopia is a defect caused during the vision development. How were the treatment measures don not completely terminate the problem? It may persist, but in small amounts which are negligible and less disturbing to the normal routine [1].

Received on 13.05.2015 Modified on 13.06.2015

Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 8(7): July, 2015; Page 912-914

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00149.3

Two men, Scott and Dickey had conducted an experiment where they noticed that after ten days of stopping the patching of eye, it resulted in an increased eye power. Similarly Gregersen and Rindziunski had studied changes in the human eye after ten years of stopping the amblyopic eye treatments [2-4].

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

For this study a survey questionnaire was prepared. It comprised of 10 simple questions. These questions circled around the treatment procedures opted by the patients. 30 amblyopic patients had been surveyed. Each different opinion regarding their vision. Through this questionnaire we understand the knowledge of the common people in the sphere of treating their vision with regard to lazy eye.

RESULTS:

From this study we clearly understand that, people suffering with amblyopia has difficulty in vision. Majority of them can't view things properly. Similarly as this defect is not a very visible or obvious disease, many tend to neglect the need to treat it. It has been observed that with proper treatment, there is remarkable improvement in the vision. It's also seen that methods like eye patching are followed by people. At a suitable age people also opt to undergo surgical correction of the lazy eye along with the occlusion therapy. All the symptoms of lazy eye are never completely terminated but decreased to a great extent that it does not interfere with the normal vision. In general, amblyopia causes strain of one eye and that eye showing increased power. With treatment, it is noticed that majority of the people noticed a decrease in the power. Thus, the ultimate result of the study achieved is that the impaired vision due to amblyopia can be improved if the various treatment procedures are sincerely followed.

STATISTICS REPORT:

Table 1.1 Statistical study of amblyopia

STUDY ON IMPAIRED VISION DUE TO AMBLYOPIA
No. of people surveyed :	30
Age Limit :	2 years to 30 years
Common Amblyopia patients :	7 years to 14 years
Question 1	Do you have difficulty with your vision?
	Answer	Survey Count	Percent
	Yes	18	60.00%
	No	12	40.00%
Question 2	Which eye is effected?
	Answer	Survey Count	Percent
	Right	17	56.67%
	Left	13	43.33%
Question 3	Common Symptoms?
	Answer	Survey Count	Percent
	Squint	18	42.86%
	Difficulty in vision	14	33.33%
	Eye strain	6	14.29%
	Others	4	9.52%
Question 4	Treatment?
	Answer	Survey Count	Percent
	Glasses	All	100.00%
	Eye patching	21	70.00%
	Surgery	5	16.67%
	Occlusion therapy	4	13.33%
Question 5	Is there any improvement?
	Answer	Survey Count	Percent
	Yes	23	76.67%
	No	7	23.33%
Question 6	How is the power in the effected eye?
	Answer	Survey Count	Percent
	Increase	8	26.67%
	Decrease	13	43.33%
	Constant	9	30.00%
Question 7	Does anyone in your family have Amblyopia?
	Answer	Survey Count	Percent
	Yes	5	16.67%
	No	25	83.33%
Question 8	Are you willing to opt for a surgical cure?
	Answer	Survey Count	Percent
	Yes	14	46.67%
	No	9	30.00%
	Unsure	7	23.33%

DISCUSSION:

Based on the survey statistics, we gather a lot of general information about the condition amblyopia.

On an average basis, we say that males and females are equally affected. The percentage is a 50:50. For this survey people between the age limit of 2 years to 30 years had been surveyed. But the greater incidence of amblyopia was seen mainly in those between the ages of 7 to 14 years. When these people were asked about the treatment procedures that they follow or have done earlier or want to do in the future, we noticed that majority of the people were comfortable with eye patching. This is the most basic treatment. In this the patient uses frosted glasses. The frosty region closes the eye with normal vision and helps the lazy eye to focus on objects to better the vision. Nearly 21 people of the 30 use eye patching. The rest felt that after attaining a certain age they would undergo surgical treatment. Numerous laser treatments are present today. A few were also prepared to undergo an occlusion therapy. This comprised of 13% of the general population. Apart from these methods to help reduce the effect of amblyopia, all individuals must were spectacles. The use of specs is not a choice but a necessity. If one doesn't use it, vision is affected to a great extent. There isn't much prof or evidence that the amblyopes show improvement of vision in the amblyopic eye when vision is blocked in the non-amblyopic eye [5]. But my multiple trial and error methods , we understand the better cure of the eye.

Fig 1.1 Treatment opted by patients

Statistical results regarding the symptoms of lazy vary from one patient to another. Common side effect seen in nearly 42.86% of the people was squint. The abnormal deviation of the eye ball impacting normal vision. The rest had sever eye strain manifesting as head ache, vision difficulty etc. People with difficulty in vision find it hard to view objects at a greater distance. In general it is noticed that the right eye is mostly affected with amblyopia.

Fig 1.2 Symptoms seen in patients

When people were asked to choose a surgical cure, the response was quite spectacular. 46.6% of the patients were willing to undergo surgery. The rest were unsure and some were determined to continue eye patching on long term basis to keep conditions of lazy eye undercontrol. Ching and colleagues had discovered from their experiments that there was a chance for amblyopia to reoccur in the individual who has undergone occlusion therapy. Hence there was reinstitution of the therapy for long term basis [6].

Fig 1.3 Surgical Treatment

With the periodical treatments adopted, significant changes also accompanied it. Nearly 43% of the people stated that, they found a remarkable decrease in the level of power in their affected eye. Whereas there were a few exceptions and only 27% felt that there was an increase in power. This clearly explains that these people required an enhanced treatment for their eye to attain better vision. The remaining felt that there was no change and that their power remained constant. In general, 76.6% of the patients could find an improvement in their vision. Whereas the 23.33% found no desired change.

Klaeger-Manzanell and his coworker ps had performed certain experiments and came to the conclusion that it is possible to gain two lines of visual acuity in the amblyopic eye after vision loss in the non-amblyopic eye following the enucleation of the non-amblyopiceye [7].

Fig 1.4 Change in power after treatment

CONCLUSION:

From this study we learn that this rare and uncommon eye disorder if treated properly shows significant improvement in the vision of the affected individual. Statistics show that it's is not a hereditary disorder and occurs only on massive eye strain. Amblyopia occurs in only 16.67 % individuals whose parents are affected with the same. Rest 83.33% have no traces of the disorders in their family. Thus, lazy eye isn't hereditary .

REFERENCE:

1) Flynn J (1991) Amblyopia revisited. 17th Annual Frank Costenbader Lecture. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 28:183–201.

2) Gurovich L, Ciancia A, Herrera MC (1996) Estabilidad a largo plazo de los resuctados obtenidos en la amblyopia mediante tratamiento occlusivo. In Transactions of XII Congreso Del Consejo Latin Americano de Estrab, Ed Prieto-Diaz Jpp 49–59.

3) Scott WE, Dickey CF (1988) Stability of visual acuity and amblyopia after visual maturity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 226:154–157.

4) Levartorksy SH, Oliver M, Gottesman N, et al. (1995) Factors affecting long term results of successfully treated amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 79: 225–228.

5) Harweth RS, Smith EL, Crawford MLJ, et al.(1984) Effects of enucleation of a non-deprived eye on stimulus deprivation amblyopia in monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci25:s10–s18.

6) Ching FC, Parks MM, Friendly DS. Practical management of amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1986; 23:12-6.

7) Klaeger-Manzanell C, Hoyt CS, Good WV (1994) Two-step recovery of vision in amblyopic eye after visual loss and enucleation of the fixing eye. Br J Ophthalmol 78:506–507.